Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima Duchesne, and C. moschata
I saw something on pumpkin oil for healing wounds, and then using pumpkin leaves for treating some other condition, and that was it. Before I began researching, I thought it end up like the medicinal uses of tomatoes (basically just eating them so you can be a healthy person); I didn’t think there would be much to merit an article. However, such was not the case. Surprisingly (at least to me), pumpkins and squash have a lot to offer medicinally.
Well, because of this research, I decided to plant a lot more squash this year. The bush varieties look fabulous with the edible landscaping, and one of the advantages of planting the vining varieties of squash like butternut and pumpkin using the three sisters method (planting squash with corn and beans) is that apparently raccoons do not like the squash vines and they stay out of the corn. We haven’t been plagued by raccoons yet, but I figure, why take chances?
To begin, there are three primary species of squash. (And now you are perhaps thinking I am nuts—actually, there are hundreds of varieties of squash.) And just as common names for squash vary across the world they also differ regionally within the US. So it’s most important to pay attention to the Latin name on the seed packet.
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne varieties in the US include produce like winter squash, buttercup squash, giant pumpkin, Hubbard squash.[1] [2] [3]
Cucurbita moschata varieties common in the US include butternut squash, pumpkin, cheese pumpkin, Japanese pumpkin, melon squash, musky gourd, musky pumpkin, musky squash, musky winter squash, winter crookneck squash, winter pumpkin, winter squash, and winter straightneck squash.[4] [5] [6]
Cucurbita pepo varieties include sugar pumpkins, acorn squash, delicata, spaghetti, zucchini, and most summer squash.[7] [8] [9]
I included as much detail as possible regarding which species of squash to use and the methods of preparing it, so some of the specifics will appear a bit redundant. In some cases there is no difference between using seeds of two different species; in some cases there is.
The nutritional value of the different varieties varies substantially, so it won’t be included here. You already know you should be eating more of it. (And not in the form of pumpkin pie or chocolate zucchini cake. Sorry.)
HARVEST
Pick the flowers just as they are about to open or recently opened blooms. Harvest the fruits according to packet directions for fruit, or when they are fully mature for seeds. Squash that you are planning to store for winter should have a hard skin that cannot be penetrated by a fingernail.
EFFECTIVE AGAINST
· Bacteria
o Gram-positive
§ Bacillus spp.[10]
· C. pepo fruit tincture[11]
· C. pepo leaf tincture[12]
· C. maxima flower tincture[13]
· C. maxima seed tincture[14]
§ Staphylococcus aureus[15]
· C. pepo fruit tincture[16]
· C. pepo seed extract[17]
· C. maxima seed tincture[18]
o Gram-negative
§ Enterobacter aerogenes
· C. pepo fruit tincture[19]
· C. pepo leaf tincture[20]
§ Escherichia coli[21]
· C. pepo water extract of fruit[22]
· C. pepo fruit tincture[23]
· C. pepo leaf tincture[24]
· C. maxima flower tincture[25]
· C. maxima water extract of peels[26]
· C. maxima seed tincture[27]
§ Klebsiella pneumoniae[28] [29]
· C. pepo fruit tincture[30]
· C. pepo leaf tincture[31]
· C. maxima seed tincture[32]
§ Pseudomonas aeruginosa[33]
· C. pepo fruit tincture[34]
· C. pepo leaf tincture[35]
· C. maxima water extract of peels[36]
· C. maxima seed tincture[37]
§ Salmonella spp.
· C. pepo fruit tincture[38]
· C. pepo seed extract[39]
· C. maxima flower tincture[40]
§ Vibrio cholerae[41]
· C. maxima water extract of peels[42]
· Fungi
§ C. maxima seed tincture[45]
§ C. maxima flower tincture[48]
§ C. maxima seed tincture[49]
§ C. moschata seed extract[50]
· Parasites
o Giardia lamblia[51]
§ C. maxima fruit alcohol extract[52]
o Haemonchus contortus[53]
PREPARATION
Flowers: Presumably the flowers are used fresh and applied as a poultice, which limits availability for most of us to a couple of months at best. No indication is provided as to whether dried flowers reconstituted would be effective.
Fruit extract: A bit complex, but this is what one group did. C. pepo fruits, including the peel but not the seeds, were sliced thinly and freeze-dried.
The freeze-dried pumpkin was then powdered and 50 g of powder was mixed with 450 ml of 80% alcohol and heated to 37°C (98.6°F) for 1 day, then shaken for another day. This portion of the process was repeated twice and then the extract was freeze-dried. The resulting powder was kept cool and then reconstituted with 100 ml of distilled water.[54]
Oil: The oil is extracted from the seeds, by either crushing the seeds and boiling them in water or using an oil press.
Seeds: No mention is provided as to whether the seeds are hulled or roasted.
Water extract: Dried and powdered leaves infused in a 1:5 ratio in water for 48 hours at 113°F (45°C).[55]
Tincture: Dried and powdered leaves tinctured in 1:5 ratio in ethanol for 48 hours at 113°F (45°C).[56]
It was shown that the water extract was more potent than the tincture; however, the tincture was still effective and has the advantage of a long shelf life as compared to a water extract.
USAGE
· Cardiovascular
o Anemia
§ Leaves (C. maxima)[57]
o Hypertension[58]
§ Fruit (C. maxima)[59]
· Endocrine
o Type-2 diabetes
§ Alcohol extract of the fruit[60]
§ Pumpkin seeds, 65 g per day[61]
· Eyes
o Cataracts
§ Flowers (C. maxima), topically[62][63]
· Gastrointestinal
o Constipation
§ Fruit (C. maxima)[64]
§ Seeds[65]
o Gastritis
§ Fruit (C. maxima), oral[66]
o Parasites
§ Seeds[67]
o Stomachache
§ Fruit (C. maxima), oral[68]
o Vomiting blood
§ Seeds (C. maxima)[69]
o Worms (Haemonchus contortus, butternut squash seeds)[70]
§ Seeds (C. maxima)[71]
· Musculoskeletal
o Arthritis
§ Leaves (C. pepo), oral[72]
· Respiratory
o Fever
§ Flowers (C. pepo), topical[73]
· Skin
o Acne
§ Flowers (C. pepo), topical[74]
o Burns[75]
§ Seed oil (C. pepo)[76]
o Contact dermatitis
§ Fruit (C. pepo) extracted with 80% ethanol, and resulting tincture used to make an ointment[77]
o Dandruff
§ Leaves (C. pepo), topical[78]
o Dermatitis
§ Flowers (C. pepo), topical[79]
o Erysipelas[80]
o Wound healing[81]
§ Flowers (C. pepo), topical[82]
§ Fruit (C. maxima, C. pepo), topical[83]
· 80% alcohol extract[84]
§ Seed oil (C. pepo)[85]
· Urogenital
o Gonorrhea
§ Seeds (C. pepo)[86]
o Kidney failure
§ Seeds (C. maxima), sun dried[87]
o Kidney stone prevention[88]
o Overactive bladder
§ Seed oil, (C. maxima), 2 teaspoons per day[89]
§ Seed extract (C. pepo), 875 mg per day in divided doses[90]
o Prostate disorders[91]
o Prostate enlargement[92]
§ Pumpkin seed oil[93]
§ Seed extract (C. pepo), 500 mg capsules[94]
o Prostatitis
§ Raw seeds (C. maxima)[95]
· Other
o Breast cancer
§ Seeds (C. pepo), oral[96]
o Lung cancer
§ Leaves eaten (C. maxima)[97]
o Malaria
§ Leaves (C. pepo), oral[98] [99]
o Obesity
§ Whole plant (C. pepo)[100]
o Osteosarcoma
§ Flowers (C. maxima)[101]
Cautions: None.
[1] https://greatsquash.com/squashes/
[2] https://modernfarmer.com/2017/11/modern-farmer-guide-winter-squash-varieties/
[3] https://web.extension.illinois.edu/hortanswers/plantdetail.cfm?PlantID=629&PlantTypeID=9
[4] https://greatsquash.com/squashes/
[5] https://modernfarmer.com/2017/11/modern-farmer-guide-winter-squash-varieties/
[6] https://web.extension.illinois.edu/hortanswers/plantdetail.cfm?PlantID=629&PlantTypeID=9
[7] https://greatsquash.com/squashes/
[8] https://modernfarmer.com/2017/11/modern-farmer-guide-winter-squash-varieties/
[9] https://web.extension.illinois.edu/hortanswers/plantdetail.cfm?PlantID=629&PlantTypeID=9
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