Monday, November 29, 2021

Using Wood Ash in the Yard and Garden

I’m so grateful to have a wood-burning fireplace again.  Actually, it’s more than just a fireplace, but not quite a woodstove.  I’m not sure what it’s called, but it works pretty well.  (Not as well as the beautiful insert and hearth my husband built into my favorite house.  It was gorgeous and totally heated our 2200 square foot house.  I really miss that one.)  While it’s our primary source of heat, we do still have the propane gas and a pellet stove as well.  But burning wood is my favorite way to go.  I guess the only downside to it is having to clean out the fireplace and throw the ash away.  Especially when the trashcan is 1/10 of a mile from the house down our steep driveway. 

Or it used to be.  Because I decided to check once again to see what I could do with wood ash.  (It’s been nearly a decade since I last had a wood-burning fireplace.)  There are actually quite a few practical uses for wood ash!  Let’s take a look.

Garden fertilizer.  This is one I keep checking for, keep hoping that perhaps I can use wood ash in my garden.  But no matter how many times I check, the answer is still no.  Wood ash is an excellent addition to garden soil—if your soil is acidic.  Sadly, my soil is very alkaline, so adding ash is a huge no-no.  But in most areas of the country, adding up to 5 gallons of wood ash per 1,000 square feet of garden will greatly boost fertility.  Do not add wood ash to areas that grow blueberries, potatoes, or other crops that prefer acidic soil.

Compost.  Sprinkle a small amount of ash over the compost pile.  While wood ash doesn’t have any carbon or nitrogen, it does contain trace elements that help convert the waste into compost.

Prevent frost damage to plants.  According to several sources online, sprinkling wood ash on vegetable plants when a late or early frost threatens can help prevent frost damage.  The wood ash contains salts that absorb the water in the air and thus prevent harming the plants.  Unfortunately, this only works for light frosts. 

Tomato preservative.  A few years back, African tomato grower Vital Nduwimana discovered that if he stored his fresh tomatoes in wood ash, they would retain their freshness for months.[1]  He simply sifts the ash to remove wood chunks and other debris and then puts it into a cardboard box.  The tomatoes are carefully placed in the ash in the boxes and stored until he wishes to sell them, sometimes 5-6 months later. 

Weed killer.  Wood ash is touted by some to be a great weed killer.  Further research, however, shows that its utility as an effective control for weeds is limited to those areas where the soil is already very alkaline.  This means it’s a great choice for using along our driveway.  And that’s because…

Ice melt.  Wood ash is also an excellent substitute for ice melt!  Now, I wouldn’t use it right next to the house because I certainly don’t need people or pets tracking ash inside, but our driveway is plenty long.  In fact, we probably can’t supply our ice melt needs from our wood ash, but if we can reduce that expense, that’s a huge win. If the runoff can help kill weeds, that’s even better.

Links to related posts:

DIYGarden Soil Tests  



[1] https://wire.farmradio.fm/farmer-stories/burundi-farmer-finds-new-technique-for-preserving-tomatoes/

 

Wednesday, November 24, 2021

Preparing for Smallpox

Disclaimer.  I am not a licensed health practitioner.  This is just another post on knowledge and understanding you might wish to acquire in advance of a disaster in case no higher care is available.  As long as our society is functioning, you should leave anything more substantial than applying a Band-Aid to the professionals.  No medication, including those available over the counter, should be taken without consulting a physician.  Information shared here is for educational and entertainment purposes only.  It is not medical advice nor a substitute for licensed medical care. 
 
 
 
Those of us of a certain age all sport about a half-inch round scar on our upper left arm, telltale proof of having been immunized against smallpox.  While the worldwide immunization campaign eliminated smallpox in the US by 1949, isolated cases occurred into the late 1970s.  Smallpox was officially declared eradicated in 1980.[1]  The only smallpox virus samples are now found in two laboratories, the CDC in Atlanta and the Vector Institute (State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR) in Koltsovo, Russia.[2]  Supposedly.  
 
I never believed that.  And last week, there were some little news blurbs (first article) (second article) about vials of smallpox being found at a Merck vaccine research facility in Philadelphia.  Note that the Merck facility is not one of the only two BSL-4 facilities approved for researching smallpox. (The latest story out of the CDC's fiction division is that the vials labeled "smallpox" were actually "smallpox vaccine".)   That was on the heels of an interview where Bill Gates discussed the next pandemic being a bioterrorism event involving smallpox and ten airports. 

In September, SIGA Technologies, a pharmaceutical company, said it was going to start manufacturing TPOXX, an oral antiviral for treating smallpox.  TPOXX was approved by the FDA in 2018.  

Then we have something called Dark Winter, a "senior-level" exercise that simulated a covert smallpox attack on the US.    Couple that with Fauci (Dark Winter discussion begins at about the 15:00 mark) and Biden threatening a Dark Winter. Maybe all these dots are just dots and are in no way connected.  I don't know.  

What I do know, and have believed for about the past 18 months, is that COVID does not qualify as a true pandemic.  There just isn't the mortality rate.  This planet experiences a true pandemic about every 100 years.  And it's been about 100 years since we had a true pandemic, one where a significant percentage of the earth's population dies.  Some people call COVID a dress rehearsal for what is coming.  I'd say it's more like a script reading.  We have something far more deadly on the horizon.  Is it smallpox, or some variant thereof?  Again, I have no clue, but all these references to it in the government and media make me want to review my preparations to deal with it.


Smallpox is caused by the variola virus, which has two primary clinical forms, variola major and variola minor.  Variola major causes the most serious form of the disease and has an average 30% fatality rate.  However, as there are over 200 strains of variola major, the fatality rate varies based on the actual strain, and the overall health of the person infected.  Individuals who are malnourished or immunocompromised have higher fatality rates.  Among these hundreds of strains of smallpox are two particularly lethal strains with vastly different signs and symptoms.

Flatpox, or blackpox, is a rare strain that occurs primarily in children.  The skin lesions develop slowly, merge together, and remain flat and velvety to the touch.  They never progress to the pustular stage and most cases are fatal.[3]

Hemorrhagic smallpox is more common in adults, and pregnant women are particularly susceptible.  Interestingly, prior vaccination is not protective.  The incubation period is shorter and early symptoms are more severe.  Petechiae (small purple, red, or brown spots under the skin) and skin and mucosal hemorrhaging begin soon thereafter.  Death usually occurs within 5-6 days, before the characteristic lesions develop.[4]

Variola minor causes a much milder case of the disease and has a less than 1% fatality rate.  Because it is a milder case it can easily be mistaken for chickenpox. 

The variola virus can be transmitted through close contact with an infected person while he is contagious.  It can also be transmitted through contaminated clothing or bedding, as occurred with blankets given to Indians in North America in the 18th century.  In addition, the virus spreads through air in enclosed spaces like buildings and public transportation.  It is not transmitted by animals or insects.[5]  It is sensitive to light and heat, so conventional smallpox makes a poor outdoor bioweapon.[6]  However, it’s entirely possible that the smallpox virus could be engineered to become far less sensitive to light and heat and thus become more lethal and easily transmitted.

If an outbreak were to occur, it would be due to bioterrorism.  The government reportedly has plans in place to vaccinate everyone exposed, with enough vaccines stockpiled for the entire country.[7]  Based on what we've seen of the CDC’s response to COVID this past year, I’m not sure this is something I would count on.

Prevention.  There is no effective treatment except for vaccination.  However, it is critical to note that the vaccine only offers effective protection for about 3-5 years, with diminishing efficacy thereafter.[8]  Those of us vaccinated as children are likely no better off than those who have never been vaccinated.

Signs and symptoms.  The course of smallpox progresses through several stages. 
·       Incubation
o   7-19 days, average of 10-14 days
o   Not contagious
o   Person usually has no symptoms and feels fine
·       Initial symptoms
o   2-4 days
o   Patient is sometimes contagious
o   High fever
o   Head and body aches
o   Uncontrolled shaking[9]
o   Sometimes vomiting
o   People usually too sick to continue daily routine
·       Early rash
o   4 days
o   Most contagious period
o   Fever continues
o   Rash begins as small red spots on the tongue and mouth.  These spots become sores that rupture and spread the virus into the mouth and throat.  The rash spreads to the skin, starting on the face and spreading to the arms and legs, then the hands and feet, covering the body within 24 hours. 
o   As the rash spreads, the fever diminishes and the person starts to feel a little better.
o   By the 4th day, the skin sores start to fill in with thick fluid and have a dent in the center
o   As the skin sores fill with fluid, the fever may spike again until the sores scab over
·       Pustular rash and scabs
o   10 days
o   Still contagious
o   Sores become pustules, sharply raised bumps in the skin that are hard and firm, like peas under the skin
o   After about 5 days, the pustules begin crusting and scabbing over
·       Scabs fall off
o   6 days
o   Still contagious
o   Scabs begin falling off, leaving scars behind
·       No scabs
o   Once all the scabs have fallen off, the patient is no longer contagious[10]

Differential diagnosis.  Noteworthy in distinguishing the smallpox rash and blisters from other diseases is that the blisters develop all at once, together, rather than in being in various stages like with chickenpox.

Treatment. Conventional treatments are limited to a few antiviral medications.  Tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir have all been tested in people, but of course, none of them had smallpox.  Lab tests in animals with diseases similar to smallpox indicated these drugs may be effective against smallpox in people.  Tecovirimat and cidofovir are stockpiled by the government to protect the people in the event of a public health emergency.[11]
  
Historically, the following herbs were used by Native Americans in treating smallpox.  There are no data as to their efficacy, and of course, no one knows whether they would do anything against weaponized smallpox.
 
·       Arrowroot, paste applied to sores
·       Large leaf avens Geum macrophyllum Willd., root tea[12]
·       Catnip, infusion
·       Desert rue (turpentine broom), Thamnosma montana, stem tea[13]
·       Gumweed, Grindelia squarrosa, decoction of the tops[14]
·       Mountain misery, Chamaebatia foliolosa, leaf tea[15]
·       Rush skeleton weed, Lygodesmia juncea, leaf tea[16]
·       Russian thistle, infusion of plant ashes
·       Vinegar weed (turpentine weed, bluecurls), Trichostema lanceolatum, leaf and flower tea used externally as a wash[17]
·       Winter sage (white sage), Krascheninnikovia lanata, spit poultice applied to sores[18]

Much of the above article came from a post I wrote a year and a half ago.  With all the recent mention of smallpox in the media, there has been a flurry of interest in a natural remedy reportedly used by the Native Americans in the northeastern US and Canada.  It is claimed that Sarracenia purpurea, or pitcher plant, will stop smallpox in its tracks.  I have no idea.  I could not find any peer-reviewed research.  Click here for an article a doctor wrote in 1865 on its use in treating smallpox. 

I don't plan on ordering the plant or seeds.  It seems to be a slow-growing plant and definitely does not grow in desert conditions.  If I lived in New England, I'd certainly consider it. 

Links to related posts:


[1] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/
[2] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html
[3] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/clinicians/clinical-disease.html
[4] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/clinicians/clinical-disease.html
[5] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/transmission/index.html
[6] Cynthia Koelker, Armageddon Medicine, 480.
[7] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/prevention-treatment/index.html
[8] Armageddon Medicine, 481.
[9] Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition, 369
[10] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/symptoms/index.html
[11] https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/prevention-treatment/index.html
[12] Steven Foster and Christopher Hobbs, Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 113.
[13] Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 314.
[14] Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 133.
[15] Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 290.
[16] Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 185.
[17] Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 207.
[18] Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 283.

 29 july 2020

27 july 2022

Tuesday, November 23, 2021

Worms in Armageddon

Many view parasitic worms as nothing more than a nuisance or embarrassment; however, they weaken the body.  As the body puts energy into eliminating these parasites, less energy remains for fighting off other diseases, making already physiologically stressed people even more susceptible to illnesses.  We like to think that worms only affect the poorer classes of society, but the truth is, everyone in this country is vulnerable, especially as we open our borders to all comers, many of whom are not in the best of health, and many of whom fail to practice the basics of good hygiene and sanitation.  Worms thrive and spread in such situations.

Pinworms

Pinworms affect about 40 million Americans according to one estimate.[1]  They occur all over the country.  These parasites can stunt growth and development in children if they are not eliminated.  The ¼” worms spread easily from person to person, especially among young children who don’t wash after wiping or who scratch their bottoms and then go back to playing or other activities.  All close contacts, including everyone in the household, should be treated, as re-infection, whether symptomatic or not, is common.[2]

Pinworm management and treatment options, in addition to the pharmaceutical and herbal options listed at the end of this post, should include the following:

  • Trim the child’s fingernails very short.  When the child scratches his bottom, the eggs stick to the nails, where the eggs then go into his mouth or are transferred to toys to go into other children’s mouths.[3] 
  • Place a tight diaper or pants on a child who has worms to prevent him from scratching. [4]
  • Always wash hands before eating.[5]
  • Change the child’s clothes and bathe him often.  Wash the bottom and fingernails very well.[6]
  • Vaseline in and around the anus will help reduce itching.[7]

If no treatments are available, maintaining strict hygiene and cleanliness will eventually eliminate pinworms. [8]

Other Worms

At this point, roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms are much less common in the United States.  But that doesn’t mean they are non-existent.  The southeastern portion of the country has the right climate for these other parasitic worms to spread, especially when sanitation and hygiene break down.  And with so many foreigners entering our borders unchecked and untreated for the diseases they carry, this may happen soon.  We should be educated and prepared. 

Roundworms look much like earthworms and may be up to 12” long.  The problem begins when food contaminated with roundworm eggs is eaten.  The larvae hatch in the small intestine and then enter the bloodstream.  This may cause general itching all around.[9]  The larvae then travel to the lungs, where they may cause a dry cough, or even pneumonia with coughing up blood.[10]  When the larvae are coughed up from the lungs, they are subsequently swallowed down and return to the intestines, where they mature into worms.[11]  A serious infestation may cause discomfort, indigestion, and weakness.  Children with many roundworms may have large, swollen stomachs.  Sometimes, roundworms may cause asthma or bowel obstruction.[12]  When the child has a fever, the worms may come out in stools or wriggle out through the mouth, nose, or anus.  They may even crawl into the airway and cause gagging.[13]  Other symptoms of roundworms include abdominal pain, malnutrition, and intestinal blockage (which may be fatal).[14]

As with pinworms, roundworms spread from person to person, from feces to mouth, entirely due to a lack of cleanliness.  Currently, the incidence in the US is low, generally limited to the southeastern states, where the warm temperatures and humidity are conducive to its reproduction.  All close contacts should be treated.[15] 

Whipworms are a very common infection worldwide, affecting an estimated half billion people, including approximately two million individuals in the southeastern United States.  Fortunately, this worm generally causes little harm.  Severe infestations may cause bloody diarrhea, iron-deficiency anemia, stunted growth, and vitamin A deficiency in children. 

Hookworms generally can’t be seen in the feces by the naked eye; a stool analysis is necessary to identify them.  They are red and can be up to 1/3” long.  While very common worldwide in developing countries with poor sanitation, they also occur in the southeastern United States.  One particular study focused on Lowndes County, Alabama, where reportedly 35% of the population is infected. 

Unlike the other worm infestations, most hookworms are not contracted by eating contaminated food.  Rather, most hookworms enter through the skin of bare feet in areas where there is poor sanitation and raw feces is used for fertilizing crops.  (They can’t live in clay soil or muck.  The soil must be sandy or loamy and the area must receive at least 40 inches of rain per year for the eggs to hatch.)  In a few days the worms enter the lungs through the bloodstream and may cause a dry cough.  Then the person coughs up the worms and swallows them.  The hookworms subsequently attach to the walls of the intestine.  Diarrhea or abdominal pain may develop a few days later. A severe infestation may cause weakness and anemia, but most infestations are asymptomatic.  Unfortunately, hookworms can cause permanent damage in children.  Signs and symptoms of hookworm infection in children include anemia, pale skin, and eating dirt. 

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Conventional pharmaceuticals

The following drugs are used for treating pinworms, roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms.  The dosage is the same for children and adults; however, neither should be used in pregnant women or children under the age of 2 years.

  • Albendazole, 400 mg as a single dose.[16] Albendazole for veterinary use is available without a prescription at ranch and feed stores. It is a bit more expensive than mebendazole, but has the advantage of being available immediately without a paper trail.  Most physicians apparently would have no problem using it in people.
  • Mebendazole. 

o   Pinworms, 100 mg once per week for 3 weeks.[17]

o   Roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm, 100 mg twice per day for 3 days.[18] Mebendazole is formulated for use in people.  It is sold by prescription only in the US, but easily obtained through All Day Chemist and other foreign pharmacies. 

Alternative treatments

Kerosene.  A definitely not herbal remedy, but one which the authors of Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition have seen repeatedly, is to swallow a couple tablespoons of kerosene.  They note that swallowing petroleum based products in general is a bad idea, but also state that this amount is unlikely to cause any long-term harm and may reduce or eliminate the worms.[19]

Tobacco.  For an adult, the patient eats tobacco from 1-1.5 cigarettes.  For severe infestations, the dose may be repeated no sooner than two days later, if a bowel movement has occurred since the initial treatment.  Nicotine is toxic.  The average cigarette contains 10 mg of nicotine.  A dose of 60 mg will cause death in 50% of the people who ingest it.  If the patient shows signs of susceptibility to nicotine poisoning, a second dose should not be given.[20]

While I am not questioning the efficacy of the above treatments or the qualifications of the professionals sharing them, I’m personally not really comfortable with them.  Fortunately, there are other options.

Herbal treatments

  • Garlic

o   Eat raw, uncooked garlic cloves on an empty stomach for seven days.[21]

o   Drink 4 cloves of garlic, crushed, in 1 cup of liquid (water, juice, or milk).  Drink 1 cup per day for 3 weeks.[22]

  • Pumpkin seeds

o   Eat crushed pumpkin seeds with a tablespoon of honey on an empty stomach every day for 7 days (also take a natural laxative, if possible). [23]

  • Tobacco, wormwood, clove, and plumeria are all suggested by Dr. Joseph Alton, but he does not make any recommendations as to how they are used.[24]

Apparently the only herb that is used in treating worms and which I have previously covered on the blog is Russian thistle, tumbleweed.  Foster and Hobbs’ Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs includes information on the preparation of the following herbs to treat worm infestations:

·       American mistletoe

·       Bitterbrush

·       Black cottonwood

·       Black walnut

·       Black-eyed susan

·       Blue vervain 

·       Bracken fern

·       Cardinal flower

·       Common sowthistle

·       Coyote tobacco

·       Horehound

·       Oregon ash

·       Pacific bleeding heart

·       Pinon pine

·       Quaking aspen

·       Queen Anne’s lace

·       Shepherd’s purse

·       Spreading dogbane

·       Tansy

·       Venus maidenhair fern

·       Waferash hoptree

Links to related posts:

Medicinal Uses of Russian Thistle  

Mebendazole 

Feed and Ranch Stores for Medical Supplies



[1] Joseph Alton, The Survival Medicine Handbook, 2013, 125.

[2] Cynthia Koelker, Armageddon Medicine, 2012, 174.

[3] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[4] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[5] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[6] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[7] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[8] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[9] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 140.

[10] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 141.

[11] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 140.

[12] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 140.

[13] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 140.

[14] Joseph Alton, The Survival Medicine Handbook, 2013, 125.

[15] Cynthia Koelker, Armageddon Medicine, 2012, 174.

[16] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 374.

[17] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 374.

[18] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 374.

[19] Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition, 111.

[20] Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition, 454-55.

[21] Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition, 111.

[22] David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 1992, 12.

[23] Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition, 111.

[24] Survival Medicine Handbook, 2013, 126.

 28 november 2023