Tuesday, August 31, 2021

DIY Penicillin--Do You Really Want to Go There?

Disclaimer.  I am not a licensed health practitioner.  This is just another post on an item you might wish to have available if needed so that a physician can treat you and your family as best as possible.  No medication, including those available over the counter, should be taken without consulting a physician.  Information shared here is for educational and entertainment purposes only.  It is not medical advice nor a substitute for licensed medical care.  A qualified, licensed physician or other medical provider should be consulted before beginning any herbal or conventional treatment.


Yeah, penicillin can be DIY'ed.  After all, Alexander Fleming did it in 1928 and millions of lives have been blessed by penicillin ever since.  While making penicillin at home may not be a big deal to chemists and microbiologists, it's going to be a bit intimidating to the rest of us.  And even if we do happen to have some understanding of microbiology under our belts, DIY penicillin demands a lot of time and resources.

In a crisis, we might have neither. You've got to have all the equipment and a sterile laboratory.  You've got to be able to maintain an incubating temperature of about 70 degrees for a few weeks, and you've got to make your own culture medium.  Expensive chemicals with short shelf lives are also needed.  On top of all that, you've got to make a boatload to treat one single infection.  There was a good reason why for the first several years, until production improved, the urine of patients taking penicillin was collected and the penicillin isolated from it to be re-used.  (Yum.)

And then there's the fact that this DIY penicillin isn't entirely stable, and it takes a few weeks to make it.  So you've basically always got to have some in production, just in case.  And you know, you're just going to have so much time on your hands when life gets really interesting.

If you think this sounds like a recipe for disaster, you're not the only one.

After reading such information, most opt for other means of obtaining penicillin and other antibiotics--getting the doctor to prescribe some medications just in case there's a problem when on vacation out of the country, or purchasing fish antibiotics, or buying from an overseas pharmacy.  I've done the latter two myself, and we've got a respectable stockpile of various antibiotics here.  But you know what?  That supply isn't inexhaustible.  The pills will eventually run out.  And then there are those poor suckers who are allergic to penicillin and can't even take it anyway.

Is there any other way?

Well, yes, actually, there is.

Most all of our medicines are derived from plants.  Researchers test various herbs, oftentimes based on old natural remedies, and determine which chemical compounds are most active against any given disease.  Then they create that compound synthetically.  They never use the plant, because plants can't be patented and won't make any money for Big Pharma.  But remember, they started with the plant.  It is really hard to make changes after being conditioned all our lives to trust physicians and pharmacists implicitly.  And I'm not saying either group is bad.  There are good people and bad people everywhere.  Anyway, we do have options.

Penicillin is used primarily to treat infections dealing with the ears, upper respiratory system, and skin.  And there are two herbs that will do the same thing.  And you can DIY an antibiotic from them for a whole lot less time, money, and stress.  Both involve making tinctures--you gather the herb, chop or dice or powder it, cover it with alcohol, and let it macerate (soak) for a few weeks.  Strain and bottle for long term keeping and you're done.  No complicated procedures or equipment. 

The first herb is Usnea.  I blogged about it nearly a year ago and you can click on the link below to read more yourself.  If you've spent any amount of time outdoors, you've probably seen it.  It's stuff a lot of us (erroneously) call moss that grows on trees.  There are over 600 different species, and they're all medicinal.  You just have to make sure not to confuse it with Spanish moss.  Tips for differentiating between the two are also included in that article.

The other herb is juniper.  I also posted information on it last year and you can click on the link below to read more.  The juniper berry is what is most medicinal, and it doesn't matter which variety you use.  It's found all over the country and is a popular choice in landscaping at schools and shopping centers.

Both tinctures take two to six weeks to make, so they're best to have on hand and ready before someone gets sick.  They're much easier and much cheaper to make than penicillin.  And there isn't the risk of a penicillin allergy.  The downside is having to locate grain alcohol, which is problematic for about half the country where sales of grain alcohol are illegal.  If you really can't get grain alcohol, use the highest proof you can find.

Links to related posts

Usnea
Juniper

For further information:
https://btprotocols-maulik.blogspot.com/2007/04/to-produce-penicillin-using-penicillium.html
https://www.bioprepper.com/2018/04/28/make-penicillin/
http://prepperswill.com/how-to-make-real-homemade-penicillin-during-a-disaster/
  23 september 2019

Sunday, August 29, 2021

How to Sterilize Medical Instruments in an Austere Environment

Disclaimer.  I am not a licensed health practitioner.  This is just another post on knowledge and understanding you might wish to acquire in advance of a disaster in case no higher care is available.  As long as our society is functioning, you should leave anything more substantial than applying a Band-Aid to the professionals.  No medication, including those available over the counter, should be taken without consulting a physician.  Information shared here is for educational and entertainment purposes only.  It is not medical advice nor a substitute for licensed medical care. 



Today's focus is on several methods that can be employed to sterilize medical instruments.  And fortunately, you probably already have the equipment to implement at least one of these options.

First off, it's probably best to cover the situations of when we want sterilized equipment.  And basically, that is any time we will be breaking skin or any time where we are going into skin that has already been broken.  Or any time we are inserting anything into the body.  Sutures, tubing, catheters, needles, scalpels, etc.  Fortunately, at the time these are purchased they generally come to us in sterile packages, so we don't have to worry about sterilizing them ourselves.  However, we could find ourselves in some interesting situations down the road with the need to re-use instruments.

The first is in an electric oven.    Two hours at 325 degrees Fahrenheit or 30 minutes at 400 degrees Fahrenheit will sterilize medical instruments.  Wrap the instruments in aluminum foil or place them on a metal tray. 

The second option is a sun oven, which  will sterilize just as well as an electric oven; however, it must be constantly monitored for temperature drops.  If the temperature drops below 325 degrees, the timing must start over.

An open flame is an option, if there is no other choice. The instrument should be held in the flame until it turns red.  And if the handle is also metal, then you'll want a clean cloth to hold it while it's being heated and sterilized.  There's no point in creating a burn victim here.  This method has the disadvantages of the time it takes for the instrument to cool down prior to use, and there is the potential for damaging delicate instruments.

Finally, there is the option most preppers have heard mentioned:  using a pressure cooker or pressure canner.  It works very similar to the autoclaves that hospitals use.  Of course, a pressure cooker or canner is not looked upon as a legally or medically appropriate option.  (So you probably wouldn't want to use it with lawyers or doctors, right?)  Fortunately, however, we shouldn't have to use this knowledge often.  And, just as fortunately, a pressure canner can achieve the requisite temperature for sterilizing equipment.  To be considered sterile, the interior temperature of the canner must reach 250-273 degrees Fahrenheit.  This is achieved at 15 psi, and that pressure must be maintained for at least 30 minutes.

By way of reminder, instruments must be clean before undergoing sterilization.  Any debris, tissue, blood, or whatever on the instrument must be removed; otherwise, it could hinder or completely prevent sterilization. Also, instruments such as clamps and scissors should be in the open position when being cleaned, disinfected, and sterilized.

The next post in this series will address sterilization tape and proper wrapping of medical instruments prior to sterilization.


For further reading:
https://www.sunoven.com/first-aid-sterilizing-medical-instruments/
https://www.doomandbloom.net/sterilizing-instruments-in-austere-settings/
Survival and Austere Medicine, 3rd Edition, p 356.  

11 september 2019

Friday, August 27, 2021

Tips for Better Baking with Whole Wheat

Using whole wheat in everyday baking can present a challenge, especially when you're new to using whole grains.  Whole wheat flour follows some entirely different rules than its highly refined cousin, all-purpose flour.  And yet, it's a challenge that many of us wish to accept, whether it's for the health benefits or the advantage of being able to store food for longer periods of time.

And rather than learn those rules by our own experience, it's easier to learn from those who have already been there and done that.

White wheat. So to begin, when buying wheat look for whole white wheat.  While it is lighter in color, this wheat has all the nutritional advantages of red wheat, but it behaves much more like all-purpose flour and has a milder taste. Whole white wheat flour and freshly milled whole red wheat flour have the mildest flavor.

Specific foods.   The first place to begin experimenting with using whole wheat flour is in foods like cookies, quick breads, pancakes, and muffins.  In these recipes, whole wheat flour can be substituted one-to-one for all-purpose flour, without making any other changes.

Yeast breads.  Whole wheat flour may be substituted for half of the all-purpose flour in yeast breads that need to rise without the need for any additional modifications.  Because wheat flour is heavier than white flour and requires more leavening, if adapting a recipe to use entirely whole wheat flour, do one or more of the following:

  • use more yeast; or in baking powder-leavened products increase the baking powder by one teaspoon for every three cups of whole wheat flour;
  • let it rise longer;
  • separate the eggs and beat the whites until stiff, and then fold in right before baking (this also works really well for waffles and cakes);
  • use less whole wheat flour than all-purpose, typically 3/4 cup whole wheat flour for every one cup of all-purpose flour; OR add 2 teaspoons of water per cup of whole wheat flour, since whole wheat absorbs more water.
Recipes using baking soda do not need to be adjusted.

For adapting recipes, and your taste buds, that call for all-purpose flour to use whole wheat flour, try some of these ideas:
  • Let the batter sit for 15-20 minutes so that the wheat flour can better absorb the water before baking.  
  • For a sweeter flavor, especially when working with red wheat, replace 2-3 tablespoons of the water or milk with orange or apple juice.
  • Begin with recipes that use bananas, chocolate, or pumpkin.  These adapt particularly well to whole wheat.
  • Start by gradually replacing some of the all-purpose flour with wheat flour, increasing the amount of whole wheat flour each time you make that recipe. 
Happy baking!
Links to related posts:
Wheat
Whole Wheat Sandwich Bread
Whole Wheat Hamburger Buns
French Bread 

For further reading:
https://www.foodnetwork.com/healthy/articles/tips-for-baking-with-wholegrain-flours
https://wholegrainscouncil.org/blog/2015/04/expert-shares-tips-baking-whole-grains
http://www.cookingmanager.com/tips-baking-wheat/

 09.06.19

Monday, August 23, 2021

The Medicinal Uses of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

One of the first things I noticed when coming to our new house last year was the abundance of sunflowers lining the driveway.  As a very drought-tolerant plant, they grow everywhere here.  In fact, they grow all over the country, or at least among most stretches of Interstates 70, 80, and 90 in the western half of the country.  And if there is one thing I’ve learned from doing this blog the past (nearly) three years, it’s that most invasive plants have some medicinal value to them.  This past week, I finally got around to doing some research.

Unfortunately, while modern research is being performed, there is not a lot.  Most of it occurs in third-world countries that have to use herbal medicine because they cannot afford first-world pharmaceuticals.  The use of sunflower for medicine has a rich history among Native Americans and was one of the few crops they cultivated. 

HARVEST

Flower petals and seed heads are best harvested when fully mature in mid- to late summer. Leaves should be still green and fresh when collected for poultices.  Roots are best harvested in the fall.

PREPARATION

There is precious little information on the preparation of the flowers and roots, but in general alcohol tinctures extract the active constituents best.  To extract oil from the seeds, crush the seeds thoroughly and place them in a pot of boiling water.  Skim the oil off the top as it is released.

EFFECTIVE AGAINST

  • Candida albicans[1]
  • Escherichia coli[2]
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa[3]
  • Staphylococcus aureus[4]
  • Staphylococcus epidermis[5]

MODERN USAGE

  • Communicable disease
    • Malaria, 96% alcohol extract of the root[6]
  • Musculoskeletal
    • Gout, 20% alcohol extract of the flower[7]
  • Respiratory
  • Skin
    • Cuts, poultice with the juice of freshly cut sunflower stems[13]
    • Inflammation, flower tincture[14]

HISTORICAL USAGE

  • Communicable diseases
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Musculoskeletal
    • Rheumatism, root tea[17]
  • Neurological
  • Respiratory
    • Cough, seed oil[19]
    • Dysentery, seed oil[20]
    • Fever, stem pith, leaf tea[21] [22]
    • Laryngitis[23]
    • Lung disease, flower tincture[24] [25]
    • Tuberculosis, alcohol extract of the stem[26]
  • Skin
    • Spider bite, leaf poultice[29] [30]
    • Sores, leaf poultice[31]
    • Swelling, leaf poultice[32]
    • Warts[33]
      • The wart was scratched and the pith of the sunflower stalk was burned on top of it. [34]
    • Wounds, plant juice[35]
  • Urogenital

Cautions:  Plant extracts may cause allergic reactions.



[1] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[2] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[3] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[4] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[5] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[6] Wiwied Ekasari, et al., "Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs", Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 2019, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2019/7390385/ (accessed 18 August 2021).

[7] Lanzhou Li, et al., Anti-gouty arthritis and antihyperuricemia effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) head extract in gouty and hyperuricemia animal models, Biomed Research International, August 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5591994/ (accessed 18 August 2021).

[8] Heo JC, et al., Aqueous extract of the Helianthus annuus seed alleviates asthmatic symptoms in vivo, Int J Mol Med., January 2008, Vol 21 No 1, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18097616/ (accessed 18 August 2021)

[9] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[10] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[11] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[12] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[13] Tasneem Bashir, et al., Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower):  A review, Pure Applied Biology, Vol 4 No 2, June 2015, https://www.thepab.org/files/2015/June-2015/PAB-MS-15029-11-226-235.pdf (accessed 18 August 2021).

[14] Ukiya M, et al., Triterpene glycosides from the flower petals of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and their anti-inflammatory activity, J Nat Prod., May 2007, Vol 70 No 5, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17480100/ (accessed 18 August 2021).

[15] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[16] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[17] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[18] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[19] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 148.

[20] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[21] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[22] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[23] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[24] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 148.

[25] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[26] Coronado-Aceves EW, et al., Antimycobacterial activity of medicinal plants used by the Mayo people of Sonora, Mexico. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Aug 22, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27262564/ (accessed 18 August 2021).

[27] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[28] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[29] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[30] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[31] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[32] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[33] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[34] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.

[35] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[36] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[37] Steven Foster, et al., Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 2002, 149.

[38] Linda Kershaw, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the Rockies, 2000, 180.