Friday, December 30, 2022

Egg Substitutes

With eggs in much of the country now running north of $5.00 per dozen, now seems like a great time to review various substitutes for eggs.  Eggs by and large are still available in most areas; however, due to avian flu and increases in feed costs and heating as well as transportation, costs are skyrocketing faster than for just about any other food.  Using an egg substitute may help reduce expenditures.  Even substituting one egg in those recipes that call for two or three eggs will cut costs and is less likely to be noticed by those with sensitive taste buds.

When you need an egg, you need an egg.  We really don't want to use a substitute if we don't have to.  That's why we prepare.  That's why we keep chickens.  And when those two options fail, when the hens go on vacation and our stores run out, we have powdered eggs.  At least, that's what I do.  And yet, what if the powdered eggs run out?  What if they somehow were lost with the guns and ammo in a tragic boating accident?

What then?

Here are a bunch of options.  Eggs are used to bind ingredients together, to add moisture, to leaven, and to improve the taste, texture, and/or crumb of baked goods.  Depending on which function(s) the egg fulfills in a recipe, some of these substitutions will be better than others.  Obviously, none of these options will work well if you are making scrambled eggs.

Egg Substitutes
First ingredient
Additional ingredient(s)
Comments
¼ cup oil

When the purpose is to add moisture
1½ tablespoons oil
1½ tablespoons water + 1 teaspoon baking powder
When the purpose is leavening
¼ cup plain yogurt


¼ cup pureed fruit
½ teaspoon baking powder

¼ cup unsweetened applesauce
½ teaspoon baking powder

3 tablespoons aquafaba

(This is the liquid from canned garbanzo beans.)
2 tablespoons aquafaba, whipped

Excellent egg white substitute
1 tablespoon aquafaba

Egg yolk substitute
2 tablespoons arrowroot flour
3 tablespoons water
Good for puddings and custards
2 tablespoons soy or garbanzo bean flour
2 tablespoons water

1 tablespoon plain gelatin dissolved in
3 tablespoons boiling water, beaten until frothy
Use when the purpose of the egg is to bind.  Add ½ teaspoon baking soda (after beating) if the purpose is to enhance leavening.
1 tablespoon lecithin


1 tablespoon cornstarch
3 tablespoons warm water + 1/8 teaspoon baking powder
For cookies and baked goods
1 tablespoon white vinegar
1 teaspoon baking soda
For cupcakes and quick breads
1 tablespoon lemon juice
1 teaspoon baking soda
For cakes
2 tablespoons instant potato flakes
3 tablespoons warm water

1½ teaspoons baking powder
1 tablespoon each water and vinegar

2 teaspoons baking powder
2 tablespoons water+1 teaspoon oil

 
Keep in mind they are substitutes.  By and large, they will not be perfect.  They won't work for quiche, cheesecake, or anything else calling for a lot of eggs.
 
Links to related posts:
DIY Cool Whip

 18 july 2020

Thursday, December 29, 2022

The Top Ten Posts of 2022

The blog hit two milestones this month—over a million hits and 1500 articles.  I certainly never imagined either ever happening.  Of course, that’s nowhere near the audience other bloggers and Youtubers enjoy, and that’s ok.  Though I really want the info I share to be spread more widely so that we can all be better prepared to weather the coming storms, I am content knowing this is what my Heavenly Father wants me to do.  We both know I would have stroked out at the mere idea of doing videos.  (Make-up, hair, cleaning the house to perfection every day?  Shoot me now.)  There are those people who learn best from the written word and appreciate being able to print a hard copy for future reference.  Without all the pictures of boiling water and rising bread.

I check the numbers that Blogger provides on the statistics page several times each week.  Of course, most of the hits come from the English-speaking world and through links from prepping websites and blogs.  One reader informed me that s/he read that the articles here were being translated into Polish.  And over 15,000 views from Sweden suggest to me that there is a small group of people there who appreciate this information, even if I don’t provide metric equivalents.

As with last year, I had to repeat a lot of articles due to time constraints.  Many medical articles were repeats, but not all.  And as I re-ran those articles, I was also reminded of what I had previously learned and need to retain better in the memory banks for future reference.  More articles dealt with gardening and methods for improving the harvest in adverse conditions. 

Food articles, many of which didn’t make the Top Ten list, centered a lot more on making basics from scratch and using substitutions.  Eggless Mayonnaise was one of my favorites, not for the cost savings, but simply from the standpoint of being able to make mayonnaise when the hens aren’t laying and store-bought eggs are running close to 50 cents each.

The nationwide shortage of amoxicillin is probably why that article was popular, and the Master Medical Shopping List continues to be the most popular article posted over the last four years.  Four Ways to Maximize the Shelf Life of Cooking Oils must have been linked from a popular blog somewhere, as I wrote it three years ago and it became the most popular food-related post of this year. 

So below are the top ten most popular articles that your fellow preppers who read this blog found most interesting.  If you haven't read them yet, go ahead and check them out.  And share them, if you are so blessed to have like-minded friends and family.  The more we all prepare, the better off we'll be. 

The changes we’ve seen in 2022 are greater than I could have imagined at the beginning of the year, and at this rate we’ll see far more interesting things in 2023.  The fabric of our society continues to weaken as if being devoured by moths.  Everywhere I hear of increasing rudeness and disrespect.  We’re being invaded and our electrical grid is constantly being hacked.  I didn’t think we’d make it through 2022 without becoming embroiled in another war (one that affects us in the US in a very real way), and yet here we are. 

Maybe we’ll get lucky again and have another year to learn and prepare.  But it’s best not to hold our collective breath on this.

Links to related posts:

Wednesday, December 28, 2022

Corneal Abrasions and Ulcers

Disclaimer.  I am not a licensed health practitioner.  This is just another post on knowledge and understanding you might wish to acquire in advance of a disaster in case no higher care is available.  As long as our society is functioning, you should leave anything more substantial than applying a Band-Aid to the professionals.  No medication, including those available over the counter, should be taken without consulting a physician.  Information shared here is for educational and entertainment purposes only.  It is not medical advice nor a substitute for licensed medical care.  

 

OK, corneal abrasions and ulcers are conditions that I have unfortunately had some experience with.  I’ve done it with chemicals (the wrong contact lens solution) and mechanically (leaving a contact lens in for months).  No, I did not do that on purpose.  I don’t normally wear a lens in that eye, but had a senior moment one morning.  I immediately tried getting it out.  Tried and tried and tried.  I finally decided that it must have fallen out because I couldn’t see it in there and figured I must have gotten it at some point and then dropped it on the floor.  Anyway, a few months later (and I never had any problems with dry eye like I normally do if I leave a lens in for too long) I was in the ER in extreme pain.  The lens finally caused a corneal ulcer and infection.  A corneal abrasion is a mere scratch on the cornea.  A corneal ulcer penetrates the cornea a bit deeper.  Both injuries are extremely painful.

Corneal abrasions and ulcers can be caused by any number of objects or conditions:

  • Eyelashes
  • Contact lenses
  • Sand and dirt
  • Sawdust
  • Fingernails
  • Grease or chemical spatters
  • Wood- and metalworking and any kind of repair work

In all but the most unusual cases, the patient will know exactly what happened and what is likely causing the irritation in the eye.  He will likely report that it feels like there is a grain of sand in the eye.  Speaking as one who has experienced both corneal abrasion and corneal ulcer, it can feel as if that grain of sand is very large. 

When someone has eye pain, the first order of business is to carefully examine eye.  Most of the time, before you ever examine the eye, the offending foreign body will have been removed by the body’s natural reaction of producing tears, though the pain may still remain.  Use a moistened, sterile Q-tip to lift and evert the eyelid to thoroughly examine eye.  Anesthetic drops are helpful but may not always be available, so you may need to fashion a paperclip into a splint to hold the eyelid open.  Make sure that the ends are pointed out and away from the eye.  Use contact lens multi-purpose or saline solution to flush out the foreign object and irrigate the eye.  The most common place for a foreign body to lodge is under the upper eyelid where it can be found by rolling back the lid and looking underneath.[1] 

Once assured there is nothing left in eye, examine the cornea, the clear layer of tissue over the iris. 

After the eye is cleaned out with contact solution if available or clean water if not, use antibiotic drops if available, and cover the closed eye with an eye pad and tape.  While ibuprofen is what is generally offered for pain relief, most doctors will not object to using something stronger if you have it on hand, and indeed, prescription pain medication is sometimes offered for more serious cases.  In an austere situation, sleep is going to be the best remedy.  The eye will heal within a few days. 

Corneal Ulcer

If the cornea has been damaged a bit more than with a simple abrasion, it is called an ulcer.  Careful examination may reveal a grayish or less shiny patch on the cornea surface.  Fluorescein strips will highlight the scratch or abrasion and confirm diagnosis.  The injured area takes up the fluorescein dye and becomes brilliant green.[2] 

Fluorescein strips or drops are quite inexpensive; mine were about $12 at ShopMedVet.com.  You just drag the strip across the eye and the dye will concentrate in the injury.  Then use a blue light pen to illuminate the abrasion or ulcer.  This makes it easier to determine whether the irritant has been removed or the extent of the injury.  While having these strips and the light pen are a good idea for every family, they really should be considered essential items for people who wear contact lenses, as people in this group are at particular risk for corneal abrasions and ulcers. 

A corneal ulcer, if not properly treated, may cause blindness.  A physician will advocate the use of antibiotic eye ointment four times per day for one week. In addition, s/he may prescribe penicillin and advise covering the eye with a patch.[3] 

Most corneal abrasions heal within a few days, with minor scratches being vastly improved within 24 hours.  Corneal ulcers take longer to heal, up to a couple of weeks.  If the eye worsens, thick drainage develops, or vision deteriorates, seek licensed medical attention immediately.  If the patient is a contact lens wearer, s/he should not wear lenses until the eye is fully recovered plus an additional week. 

References:

[1]  The Ship’s Medicine Chest and Medical Aid at Sea, 1978, p 98.

[2]  Ibid.

[3]  David Werner, Where There Is No Doctor, 224. 

Joseph Alton, The Survival Medicine Handbook, 431.

 12.16.20

Tuesday, December 27, 2022

The Medicinal and Other Uses of Triple Antibiotic Ointment

Before getting into the uses of triple antibiotic, let’s clarify an essential point. 

While the terms Neosporin and triple antibiotic are often used interchangeably in the medical community (because the licensed professionals have a certain level of understanding in their lingo), the terms are definitely not interchangeable.  You see, Neosporin is a brand name used on many different products, some of which contain no antibiotic at all.  A quick search showed that Amazon carries the following products under the Neosporin brand name:

  • Neosporin Original Ointment contains bacitracin zinc (400 units), neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg), and polymyxin B sulfate (5000 units).  It also has the much touted Heliderm technology that “provides a nourishing environment for skin to heal”) and inactive ingredients of cocoa butter, cottonseed oil, olive oil, sodium pyruvate, vitamin E oil, and white petrolatum. 
  • Neosporin Plus Pain Relief contains all the above antibiotics in the same quantities, plus pramoxine HCl for pain relief. 
  • Neosporin Dual Action Plus Pain Relief (a dual antibiotic) has neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg) and polymyxin B sulfate (10000 units), plus 10 mg pramoxine HCl for pain relief.  The inactive ingredients are emulsifying wax, methylparaben, mineral oil, propylene glycol, purified water, and white petrolatum.
  • Neosporin Dual Action ointment + pain relief has the same active ingredients as Neosporin Dual Action Plus Pain Relief with only white petrolatum for the base.
  • Neosporin Multi Action Ointment—Pain-Itch-Scar has the same active ingredients as Neosporin Plus Pain Relief.  The inactive ingredient base consists of petrolatum, cottonseed oil, olive oil, cocoa butter, tocopherol acetate, and sodium pyruvate.
  • The versions marketed for children have the exact same active ingredients in the same amounts, but with cute illustrations to justify the higher price.  The inactive ingredients are emulsifying wax, methylparaben, mineral oil, propylene glycol, purified water, and white petrolatum.
  • Neosporin Lip Health products don’t contain any antibiotics at all.

All that to say that you can't just pick up a Neosporin product and assume that it is a triple antibiotic.  And to reiterate that the stuff for children is often just marketing with a higher price tag for the gullible.

Bacitracin zinc, neomycin sulfate, and polymyxin B sulfate are the antibiotics.  Pramoxine HCl is a topical analgesic for pain and itch relief.  The inactive ingredients vary.  Some will make a cream; others are much closer to Vaseline in appearance and consistency.  The off brands generally use Vaseline (listed as white petrolatum in the inactive ingredients) as the base. 

There are also dual and single antibiotic ointment options that are better for people who are allergic to one of the antibiotics.  Neomycin is the most common culprit.  Unfortunately, the allergic reaction looks a lot like a local infection, so the patient applies more antibiotic ointment, which naturally makes the reaction worse. 

Triple antibiotic ointments are most often purchased in 0.5-2.0 ounce squeeze tubes.  However, triple antibiotic is also sold in small packets ideal for first aid kits. 

Triple antibiotic is used on minor cuts, abrasions, and burns to prevent infection and speed healing.  It’s also used over stitches to prevent infection at the wound site.  Basically, it is used just about whenever and wherever Vaseline is used.  But is it really necessary?

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association indicates that white petrolatum, also known as Vaseline or petroleum jelly, is just as effective.  Increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance may warrant using antibiotic ointments less frequently.  But in a society in upheaval where trivial infections can turn deadly, one might wish to do everything possible to increase the odds in their favor. 

Most antibiotic ointments have a stated shelf life at manufacture of about two years.  Unlike pharmaceutical tablets and capsules, testing hasn’t been conducted to ascertain whether antibiotic ointments are efficacious past that period.  So what do you do with the outdated ointments?

Remember, for most of them the base is Vaseline, which has an indefinite shelf life.  Vaseline all on its own works very well for preventing infection and hastening healing.  Beyond the medicinal uses of Vaseline that were covered in a post last month, the expired triple antibiotic ointment can be used wherever Vaseline is used:

  • Lip balm
  • Vaseline-gauze dressings
  • Vaseline-cotton ball firestarters
  • Moisturizing pet paws
  • Remove gum from hair
  • Stop door hinges from creaking

Links to related posts:

Medicinal Uses of Vaseline

Wound Dressings

DIY Vaseline-Gauze Dressings

Cotton ball-Vaseline Fire Starters

References:

David Phillips Smack, et al., “Infection and Allergy Incidence in Ambulatory Surgery Patients Using White Petrolatum vs Bacitracin Ointment:  A Randomized Control Trial,” JAMA, 276(12), https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/408314 (accessed 25 November 2020).

 22 december 2020

Monday, December 26, 2022

The Best Medicine--Eight Things to Keep in Mind

Much of the best medicine is something you can provide as well as the best hospital in the world.  It’s not rocket science.

Do nothing.  The first thing to do in a crisis is nothing.  Take your pulse.  If you or a family member is not injured or dying, it’s not much of an emergency.  Relax.  If the caregiver is stressed and panicking, he is less effective in providing the best care for the patient.  If you can open an airway and stop bleeding, and then keep calm, simply waiting may be the best medicine.  Often what is needed is basic support and someone who is prepared to watch and see what will happen without complicating the situation with what may be non-essential treatment. 

Do no harm.  Whatever you do should improve the situation for the patient, not make things worse.  When in doubt, don’t do anything. 

Wash your hands.  Part of doing no harm is to always wash your hands properly so that you aren’t spreading disease and making a bad situation worse.

Comfort.  A comfortable bed, warm meal, and listening ear fix a lot of problems. 

Rest.  If it hurts, rest it.  This is for acute injuries—sprains and strains in general.  Rest it for 2-3 days, then begin with mild to moderate exercise. 

The placebo effect is extremely effective in some people.  It has a better success rate than any doctor.  The best caregivers are people who can listen and empathize.  Notice I said caregiver, not doctor.

Most problems resolve on their own.  Doing nothing is often better than doing something.  No matter what we do, about 90% of problems will get better by themselves.  Be patient.  How many times have I had my children come to me with a pain—they don’t know what is going on.  I take a look at their overall appearance—color, eyes, appetite, demeanor, energy level, etc.—and ask a little history.  I ask them to wait a day before we consider a doctor.  The vast majority of the time it’s something fleeting and I never hear back about it. 

You need to know these things and be able to practice them in caring for others.  Even if there is a serious problem, doing all of the above first will give you time to think and research and come up with what may be a better solution.  And finally,

Knowledge is power.  When there is a real problem, knowing what is wrong, what if anything can be done, and how long before the patient will start feeling better goes a long ways toward calming the patient, which will help him feel better. 

Links to related posts:

Placebo Effect

Wash Your Hands

Keeping Calm in Medical Emergencies

 12.15.20

Sunday, December 25, 2022

Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas!  It is a day to celebrate the birth of our Savior Jesus Christ!

Spend time with your family.  Enjoy great food.

And come back tomorrow for another daily dose of prepping skills and knowledge to acquire.

 

Friday, December 23, 2022

Homemade Sour Cream

Some days I feel like Looney Tunes’ Marvin the Martian.  Marvin has been preparing to destroy Earth for a long time.  And when his devices fail, he complains, “Where’s the kaboom?”   Like Marvin, I've been wondering, "Where's the kaboom?"

I just somehow imagined that our collapse would move a little faster.  I’ve been looking for the kaboom, and all we get are little pops here and there.  Because I believed fresh dairy products would be hard to come by in a collapse, I prepared to be able to make sour cream from shelf-stable Media Crema.  I thought Media Crema would be easier to obtain than fresh cream.  Wrong again, at least at this point in time.

The other night we had baked potatoes for dinner.  I haven’t been buying as much sour cream lately due not only to the increasing prices, but also due to the fact that sometimes we haven’t gone through it quickly enough and it spoils.  I didn’t want to waste money.  And I knew I could use Media Crema in a pinch.

But I only have a dozen cans of Media Crema.  I haven’t seen it in my grocery stores in months.  Will I ever be able to buy it again?  And even if it does make its way to store shelves, will it be at all affordable?  (I’m thinking I shouldn’t hold my breath on that one.)

While I was scrambling to conjure up an acceptable sour cream substitute (we don’t really care for using plain yogurt here on our baked potatoes, but it works well for breads and cakes), I recalled coming across a recipe for making homemade sour cream from whipping cream.  I went and found that recipe, but darn, I needed a full day for the cream to culture.  So it wasn’t going to work for dinner.  I had to use the Media Crema. 

However, I may not be able to replace the Media Crema easily, and though the heavy whipping cream needed to make sour cream at home is hit-or-miss at grocery stores right now, at least it isn’t totally unobtainable.  I thought I should try making my own sour cream and seeing whether it really works.

Most of the recipes were basically the same, with some offering a pro-tip here and there for success.

Reviews:  All the family got involved in the taste-testing.  I included two controls (Daisy Light sour cream and Simple Truth organic sour cream) with the four different sour cream test recipes.  All were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best.  Like with the test conducted last year on different ways of improving powdered milk, individuals all had different preferences.  Some recipes will be better for savory dishes than for sweet desserts.  Those involved in meal prep thought all the options would work well in baking and cooking, though some will be better for desserts than others.

For reference, among our very unscientific taste testers, the Simple Truth organic sour cream rated 3.5 and Daisy light sour cream rated 2.3. 

60 Minute Sour Cream
¾ cup heavy cream
3 tablespoons milk
¾ teaspoon lemon juice
½ teaspoon distilled white vinegar
Pinch salt

In a small bowl, combine all ingredients except for the salt.  Beat until soft peaks form, about 1-2 minutes.  (Remember, just soft peaks.  If you beat until stiff peaks form, you’ll get something closer to butter.)  Fold in salt.  Refrigerate for at least one hour in an airtight container.  Stir before serving.

Reviews:  3.0.  It got a little fluffy.  The flavor wasn’t quite there for serving on baked potatoes.  The advantage, of course, is that you can have it ready to use within an hour. 

Two-Ingredient Sour Cream
1 cup heavy cream
2 teaspoons lemon juice (or 3/8 teaspoon citric acid)

Add cream and lemon juice to a ½ pint canning jar.  Replace lid and shake well to combine.  Remove lid and secure a paper napkin, coffee filter, or cheesecloth over the jar to keep contaminants out while allowing the mixture to breathe.  Set jar on counter or in the oven with a light on to thicken for several hours or overnight.  It will take longer to thicken at lower temperatures.  80-85°F is ideal.

Reviews—lemon juice.  2.3.  A bit blah on flavor. 

Reviews—citric acid.  3.4.  Buttercup and I thought this one was perfect.  On top of that, citric acid is cheap and shelf stable.   

Both of these were about normal consistency after incubating for a day, but two days later in the refrigerator, they were really thick.  I think they could be cut with a little milk or a little milk stirred in later without any issue.

Buttermilk Cultured Sour Cream
1 cup heavy cream
¼ cup buttermilk

Combine the cream and buttermilk in a pint jar, shaking well.  Cover with a coffee filter or paper napkin and let sit on the counter to incubate 24 hours.  Refrigerate after incubation period.  Stir before using. 

Reviews.  2.9.  I thought it was blah; most everyone else gave it average marks.  It was on the thinner side.

The clear winner?  The Two-Ingredient Sour Cream using citric acid.  If you can afford to wait a day for it to culture, this is definitely the best.  If you have to have sour cream on the table within an hour, the 60-Minute Sour Cream is a good option, but most of us preferred the Two-Ingredient (citric acid or lemon juice) to the 60-Minute recipe. 

Pro-tips: 

As with all dairy products, you should begin with sterile equipment so that you aren’t incubating undesirable bacteria.  (No, I never sterilize my stuff.  But it is always clean.)

Use heavy whipping cream if at all possible.  The fat content gives the texture and creaminess we so appreciate.  Low-fat options won’t be as thick and creamy.

Do not use ultra-pasteurized heavy whipping cream.  (That’s what some recipes recommend.  Others say if ultra-pasteurized is all you have, it will work.  It’s all I had.  It worked.)

For the recipes that incubate the sour cream, allow the cream to come to room temperature before beginning.

Another way of incubating is to put a quart of hot tap water in a 2-quart pan, and then place the jar of budding sour cream in the pan, and put the pan in the oven and turn the oven light on.  Your sour cream should be ready in 8-12 hours.

Links to related posts:
 
References: